Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 by Lentz Harris M.;Lentz Harris M.;

Author:Lentz, Harris M.;Lentz, Harris M.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 1619042
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group

HEADS OF GOVERNMENT

NORMAN MANLEY (Prime Minister, August 14, 1959–April 10, 1962). Norman Washington Manley was born in Roxburg on July 4, 1893. He was educated at Jamaica College and received a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford University. His education was interrupted by World War I, and he served with distinction in the Royal Field Artillery. He returned to Oxford and received a degree in law in 1921. Manley subsequently returned to Jamaica and began a successful legal practice. He entered politics in 1938 and served as a negotiator between the government and striking sugar workers. He subsequently formed the People’s National party. His party was defeated by the conservative Jamaica Labor party led by his cousin, Alexander Bustamante, in general elections in 1944. Manley was elected to the Jamaican Assembly in 1949, and his party gained a majority in 1955. He replaced Bustamante as chief minister in 1955. He was a leader in the formation of the West Indies Federation in 1958 and became Jamaica’s first prime minister on August 14, 1959. A referendum permitting Jamaica’s entry into the West Indies Federation failed in 1961, and the federation collapsed in May of 1962. Manley’s party was defeated in elections in April of 1962, and he was replaced as prime minister by Bustamante on April 10, 1962. Jamaica was granted independence in August of 1962, and Manley served as leader of the Opposition. He retired from politics in February of 1969 and relinquished the leadership of the People’s National party to his son, Michael Manley. Norman Manley died of a heart attack at his home in Kingston at the age of 76 on September 2, 1969.

SIR ALEXANDER BUSTAMANTE (Prime Minister, April 10, 1962–February 22, 1967). William Alexander Bustamante was born to a poor family in Blenheim on February 24, 1884. He was adopted by a Spanish army officer and taken to Spain when he was fifteen years old. He was educated in Spain and entered the Spanish army. Bustamante fought the Riffs in Spanish Morocco before leaving the military and going to Cuba. He went to New York in the 1920s, where he prospered during the stock market crash in 1929. He returned to Jamaica in 1932 and became active in political affairs. Bustamante was interned by the British colonial government in 1940. He founded the Jamaica Labor party in 1943 and won a majority in the House of Representatives the following year. His party remained in power, and Bustamante was chosen as chief minister in May of 1953. The People’s National party led by Norman Manley defeated Busta-mante’s party in elections in 1955, and Bustamante stepped down as chief minister. He served as leader of the Opposition and was firmly against Jamaica’s entry into the West Indies Federation. He was instrumental in drafting Jamaica’s independent constitution, and the Jamaica Labor party returned to power in elections on April 10, 1962. Jamaica was granted independence on August 6, 1962, and Bustamante continued to serve as the independent nation’s first prime minister. He

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